2018考研英語雙語閱讀：新聞“打假” 轉發是關鍵

­　　2018考研復習進行時，考研英語閱讀真題中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有時候你認識所有單詞、搞清全部語法還不夠，還需要了解英美文化，掌握他們的表達方式，這就是閱讀的潛臺詞。下面新東方在線考研整理《2018考研英語雙語閱讀精選》，速來學習吧！

­　　Fighting fake news

­　　新聞“打假”，轉發是關鍵

­　　導讀：信息時代的來臨，讓我們在日常生活中接受一輪又一輪的信息轟炸，社交媒體上的假新聞也層出不窮。那么，要如何才能有效地遏制這些泛濫的假新聞呢?

­　　Whose story would you believe: your favorite social media star’s or a world famous newspaper’s?

­　　你會相信誰寫的文章：你最喜歡的社交明星，還是世界知名報紙?

­　　A recent study, called Media Insight Project, discovered something interesting. The project, funded (資助) by the American Press Institute and The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, found that people’s trust in a piece of content (內容) on Facebook was stronger if they trusted the person who shared it, regardless of which organization published it.

­　　近期一項被稱為“媒體洞察項目”的研究發現了一些有趣的事情。這個由美國新聞學會與美聯社NORC公共事務研究中心資助的項目發現，如果臉書上的一則消息是由人們信任的人所分享的，他們對此的信任感就會更強，無論這則消息由哪家機構發布。

­　　In the study, scientists built a fake (虛假的) Facebook post about health news and showed it to about 1,500 Americans. Half of them got the post from a sharer they said they trusted – a public figure such as US TV star Oprah Winfrey. The others got it from a sharer they didn’t trust. Half of them were shown that the article was published by news agency the Associated Press (AP), while the other half was shown a made-up news provider, Daily News Review.

­　　在這項研究中，科學家們在臉書上發布了一則捏造的健康新聞，并將其展示給了1500個美國人看。他們當中有一半的人是從他們信任的分享者處——如美國電視明星奧普拉·溫弗莉等公眾人物 —— 看到這一帖子;另外的人則是從他們不信任的分享者處獲得消息。半數人被告知文章是由新聞機構美聯社發布的，而另一半人則被告知文章來源于一個虛構的新聞供應方《每日新聞評論》。

­　　The results showed that what mattered most was whether the story was posted by someone who people trust. For example, more people thought the article was accurate (準確的) if the sharer was trusted but the article came from a fictitious (虛構的) news outlet (49 percent). If the article came from the AP but the sharer was not trusted, the results were lower (32 percent).

­　　結果表明，(調查中)最關鍵的是該文章是否由人們所信任的人發布。比如，如果分享者受到人們信任，就算文章來源于一個虛構的新聞單位，也會有更多的人相信文章的準確度(49%);如果文章出自美聯社然而分享者卻并不被信任，那么結果的數據就會低一些(32%)。

­　　The participants were also more likely to share the article, follow the person who shared it, or otherwise engage (互動) with the post when they got it from someone they trusted.

­　　當研究參與者們從自己信任的人那里看到了帖子，他們會更可能和分享文章的人一樣轉發該文章，或者在帖子下互動。

­　　“When people see news from a person they trust, they are more likely to think it gets the facts right, contains diverse (多樣的) points of view, and is well reported than if the same article is shared by someone they are skeptical (懷疑) of,” the researchers wrote.

­　　“人們從信任的人那里看見新聞，要比從自身的懷疑對象那里看見同一篇文章更有可能認為該新聞信息真實、包含多樣的觀點、并被廣泛報道。”研究人員寫道。

­　　It seems that the same pattern also fits teenagers. A recent study by the nonprofit Common Sense Media claimed that teenagers are particularly trusting of news from family members and teachers. It showed that 66 percent of them said they trust the information received from family, compared with 25 percent for news organizations.

­　　相同的情況似乎同樣適用于青少年。非營利性機構“常識媒體”近期發布的一項研究稱，青少年尤其相信從家庭成員和老師那里得到的消息。該研究表明，有66%的青少年表示，他們相信從家人那里得到的消息，而相信新聞機構的只有25%。

­　　So what does this mean for social media users?

­　　所以，這對社交媒體的用戶來說意味著什么呢?

­　　“As citizens of information and consumers (消費者) of information, we have to learn how to be critical (批判的) of the information that we consume. Journalists have an important role to play in helping audiences navigate the news ecosystem (生態系統),” Claire Wardle, a digital media researcher from First Draft News, said in an ABC TV debate on the rise of fake news.

­　　“作為信息公民和信息的消費者，我們需要學習如何批判地看待我們所消費的消息。新聞工作者在幫助受眾們找到新聞生態系統的導向上扮演著重要的角色。”來自First Draft News網站的數字媒體研究員克萊爾•沃德爾在一場有關虛假新聞興起的ABC電視辯論中如是說道。